When Should You Write Out Numbers? A Comprehensive Guide

Writing numbers out versus using numerals is a common grammar quandary. It’s more than just a stylistic choice; it impacts readability and professionalism. This guide will clarify when to use numerals (1, 2, 3…) and when to write numbers out (one, two, three…). We’ll explore different scenarios and provide clear examples to help you make the best choice every time.

Numbers in the Beginning of a Sentence

One of the most fundamental rules is to always write out numbers that begin a sentence. This applies regardless of the size of the number. For example:

• Incorrect: 20 people attended the conference.
• Correct: Twenty people attended the conference.

This rule enhances readability and avoids a jarring start to a sentence. It’s a simple rule, but consistently overlooked.

Using Numerals for Large Numbers

For numbers above ten, numerals are generally preferred. This improves readability, especially in complex sentences or paragraphs with multiple numerical references. For example:

• “The company reported a profit of $12,500,000 last quarter.” is clearer than “The company reported a profit of twelve million, five hundred thousand dollars last quarter.”

However, there are exceptions, particularly when the number is part of a more descriptive phrase.

Writing Out Numbers for Specific Contexts

Certain contexts demand writing numbers out, regardless of their size. This includes:

• Approximate numbers: Phrases like “approximately twenty people” or “around five hundred attendees” are generally written out.
• Casual writing: In informal settings, like personal emails or friendly letters, writing out smaller numbers is acceptable.
• Formal writing: Formal writing, such as academic papers or business reports, often favors numerals for consistency and clarity, even for smaller numbers.

The best choice often depends on the overall tone and style of your writing.

Using Numerals for Technical or Scientific Writing

Scientific and technical writing almost always uses numerals. This is because precision and clarity are paramount in these fields. Using numerals avoids ambiguity and ensures that data is presented accurately. For example, scientific measurements, statistical data, and technical specifications should always be expressed as numerals.

Numbers in Lists and Tables

When presenting numbers in lists or tables, consistency is key. Choose a style (numerals or written-out numbers) and stick to it throughout the entire list or table. Mixing styles can be confusing and unprofessional.

Dates and Times

Dates and times typically use numerals, although there are stylistic variations. For example:

• “The meeting is scheduled for 2:00 PM on October 26, 2024.” is generally preferred to “The meeting is scheduled for two o’clock PM on October twenty-sixth, twenty-twenty-four.”

However, writing out months is common practice.

Combining Numerals and Written-Out Numbers

Sometimes it’s necessary to combine numerals and written-out numbers within the same sentence or paragraph. Maintain consistency and clarity by using a logical structure. For example, using numerals for specific measurements and written-out numbers for general approximations.

Using Hyphens with Numbers

Remember to use hyphens when writing out compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine. For example: twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three, etc.

Consistency is Paramount

The most important aspect of using numbers correctly is consistency. Choose a style guide and stick to it. Inconsistency can disrupt the flow of your writing and make it appear unprofessional.

Conclusion

Choosing between numerals and written-out numbers requires careful consideration of context and style. While there are guidelines, flexibility is often necessary. Prioritizing clarity and consistency will ensure your writing is both readable and professional. Remember to always write out numbers at the beginning of sentences, use numerals for larger numbers and in technical contexts, and strive for consistency throughout your writing.

Frequently Asked Questions

What about ordinal numbers (first, second, third)? Generally, ordinal numbers below ten are written out (first, second, third), while those above ten are expressed as numerals (10th, 11th, 12th).

Should I write out numbers in headlines? For headline purposes, it is often more effective to use numerals for brevity, especially if you have limited character space.

How do I handle numbers in percentages? Always use numerals for percentages (e.g., 15%, 90%).

What about fractions? Generally, write out simple fractions (one-half, two-thirds), but use numerals for complex fractions (e.g., 3/4, 17/25).

Is there a definitive rule for all situations? No, there is no single rule that covers every situation. Context, style, and audience all play a role. The most important thing is to be consistent and clear.