When Should I Write Out Numbers? A Comprehensive Guide to Number Style
Writing numbers can be surprisingly tricky! Should you write them out as words, or use numerals? The answer, as with most style questions, isn’t always straightforward. This comprehensive guide will help you navigate the sometimes-confusing world of number style, ensuring your writing is clear, consistent, and professional.
Understanding the Basics: Numbers vs. Numerals
Before diving into the specifics, let’s establish a clear distinction. “Numbers” refer to the concepts of quantity (one, two, three), while “numerals” are the symbols used to represent those numbers (1, 2, 3). This article focuses on when to use the written-out form versus the numerical form.
The Rule of Ten: A Simple Starting Point
A common guideline is to write out numbers one through nine as words (one, two, three, etc.), and use numerals for numbers 10 and above (10, 11, 12, etc.). This is a good starting point, but it’s not a hard-and-fast rule, as we’ll see.
Exceptions to the Rule of Ten
The “rule of ten” is a helpful guideline, but there are many exceptions. Context heavily influences the best choice. For example, you would typically write out numbers at the beginning of a sentence, regardless of their size. “Twenty-five people attended the meeting” is preferable to “25 people attended the meeting.”
Context is King: Situational Considerations
The best way to determine whether to write out a number or use a numeral is to consider the context. Here are some key situations to consider:
Writing for Different Audiences
The style guide you follow will depend on your audience and publication. Academic papers will often have different rules than blog posts. Always check the style guide of your target publication.
Technical vs. Non-Technical Writing
Technical writing often favors numerals for clarity and precision. Think scientific reports, financial documents, or instructions. Non-technical writing, like novels or blog posts, might favor written-out numbers for better readability.
Numbers in Lists and Tables
In lists and tables, numerals are generally preferred for ease of scanning and comprehension. The consistency of using numerals throughout these elements improves readability.
Specific Scenarios: When to Use Numerals
There are instances where numerals are almost always the better choice:
Measurements and Statistics
Use numerals for measurements (5 inches, 2.5 liters) and statistics (15%, 0.05). This ensures precision and avoids ambiguity.
Dates, Times, and Addresses
Numerals are standard for dates (01/01/2024), times (3:00 PM), and addresses (123 Main Street). Consistency is key here.
Large Numbers
While you might write out smaller numbers, using numerals for larger numbers (100, 1000, 1,000,000) improves readability and avoids cumbersome wordiness.
Specific Scenarios: When to Write Out Numbers
Even with the prevalence of numerals, there are cases where writing numbers out enhances clarity:
Numbers Beginning a Sentence
As mentioned earlier, always write out a number that begins a sentence. “One hundred fifty students registered for the course” is more readable than “150 students registered for the course.”
Numbers Representing Approximate Quantities
If a number is approximate or rounded, writing it out can sound more natural. “About twenty people showed up” sounds better than “About 20 people showed up.”
Numbers Used in a Narrative Context
In storytelling or creative writing, writing out numbers can add a more natural flow and rhythm to your text.
Maintaining Consistency: The Key to Clarity
The most important aspect of number style is consistency. Once you’ve established a pattern, stick to it throughout your document. Inconsistent use of numbers and numerals can confuse readers and detract from the overall professionalism of your writing.
Style Guides: Your Best Friend
Familiarize yourself with a reputable style guide (such as the Chicago Manual of Style, AP Stylebook, or MLA Handbook). These guides provide detailed rules and examples to help you make consistent and informed decisions about number style.
Proofreading and Editing: The Final Check
Always proofread and edit your work carefully to ensure consistency in your number style. A fresh pair of eyes can often catch inconsistencies that you might miss.
Conclusion
Choosing between writing out numbers and using numerals depends on several factors, including context, audience, and style guidelines. While the “rule of ten” offers a useful starting point, prioritizing clarity, consistency, and the specific requirements of your writing style is crucial. Remember to consider the overall readability and professional tone you wish to convey. By following these guidelines and consulting a style guide, you can ensure your writing is both clear and effective.
Frequently Asked Questions
What if I have a range of numbers? For ranges, use numerals if both numbers are 10 or above (e.g., 10-20). If one number is below 10, consider writing them both out (e.g., one to ten).
Should I use numerals in headlines? Generally, yes, for brevity and clarity.
How do I handle fractions? Write out simple fractions (one-half, two-thirds), but use numerals for complex fractions (1/16, 3/8).
What about ordinals (1st, 2nd, 3rd)? Use numerals for ordinals above tenth (10th, 11th, etc.), and write out those below tenth (first, second, third, etc.).
Are there any exceptions for money? Always use numerals for monetary amounts ($10, $100, etc.).