How To Write References On A Resume: A Guide to Getting Hired

Crafting a compelling resume is a crucial step in the job application process. While your work experience, skills, and education take center stage, a frequently overlooked element can significantly impact your chances of landing an interview: references. Knowing how to handle references on your resume, or whether to include them at all, is paramount. This comprehensive guide will walk you through everything you need to know, ensuring you present yourself in the best possible light.

Should You Include References on Your Resume? The Modern Approach

The traditional advice often advocated for including a “References available upon request” line at the bottom of your resume. However, the modern approach has shifted. Today, it’s generally not recommended to list your references directly on your resume. This is primarily because:

  • It takes up valuable space. Resumes are best kept concise and impactful.
  • You might not have permission from your references. Always get their consent before providing their contact information.
  • Companies typically request references later in the hiring process, often after an interview.

Instead of including references on your resume, consider the following:

  • Prepare a separate reference sheet: This is a document ready to be provided when requested.
  • Use the “References available upon request” line: This is still acceptable, but it’s becoming less common.

Preparing a Killer Reference List: What to Include and How to Format

If asked for a reference list, you want to present a professional and well-organized document. Here’s how to create one:

Formatting Your Reference List

  • Use a consistent format: Match the font and formatting of your resume for a cohesive look.
  • Include your name and the date: Place this information at the top of the document.
  • Use clear headings: Label the document “References” or “Reference List.”

Information to Include for Each Reference

For each reference, you should provide:

  • Full Name: Use their full legal name.
  • Job Title: State their current job title, or the title they held when they knew you.
  • Company: Include the company name.
  • Relationship: Clarify how you know the person (e.g., “Former Supervisor,” “Colleague,” “Professor”).
  • Contact Information: Include their phone number and professional email address. Always obtain their permission before listing their contact details.

Example Reference Entry:

John Smith, Former Supervisor, ABC Company Relationship: Former Supervisor Email: john.smith@abc.com Phone: (555) 123-4567

Choosing the Right References: Who to Select and When

Selecting the right references is crucial. Choose individuals who can speak positively about your skills, work ethic, and personality.

Key Considerations:

  • Professional Relationships: Prioritize supervisors, managers, and colleagues who can attest to your professional abilities.
  • Relevant Experience: Select references who can speak to the skills and experience that align with the job you’re applying for.
  • Get Their Permission: Always contact your references before providing their information. Confirm their willingness to be a reference and refresh them on your accomplishments and the job you’re applying for.
  • Diversity of Perspectives: If possible, include a mix of references who can speak to different aspects of your work history and abilities. This might include a former supervisor, a colleague, and perhaps a professor if you’re a recent graduate.

When to Share Your References

  • After the Interview: Typically, employers will request references after they’ve interviewed you and are seriously considering you for the role.
  • When Prompted: Be prepared to provide your reference list promptly when requested.
  • Tailor to the Role: If possible, customize your reference list to match the specific requirements of the job.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Dealing With References

Avoid these common pitfalls to ensure your references don’t negatively impact your candidacy:

  • Not Asking for Permission: This is a major breach of etiquette. Always get consent before listing someone as a reference.
  • Providing Outdated Information: Ensure your references’ contact information is current.
  • Including Irrelevant References: Don’t include references who can’t speak to your professional abilities or relevant skills.
  • Not Preparing Your References: Brief your references on the job you’re applying for and your relevant accomplishments.
  • Ignoring the Request: Respond promptly to requests for references.

The Power of Informing Your References: Setting Them Up for Success

Preparing your references is a crucial step that can significantly enhance their ability to provide a glowing recommendation.

Key Steps in Preparing Your References:

  • Share the Job Description: Give your references a copy of the job description so they understand the specific requirements and skills the employer is seeking.
  • Remind Them of Your Accomplishments: Provide a brief summary of your key accomplishments and projects that align with the job.
  • Highlight Your Strengths: Briefly outline your key strengths and how they relate to the position.
  • Provide Context: Explain the context of your relationship with each reference and the role they played in your professional development.
  • Offer to Answer Questions: Let your references know they can contact you if they have any questions.

What To Do If You Don’t Have Professional References

It’s not uncommon, especially for recent graduates or those changing careers, to lack extensive professional references. Here’s how to navigate this situation:

  • Consider Academic References: Professors, advisors, or academic supervisors can provide valuable insights into your work ethic and academic abilities.
  • Include Volunteer Work Supervisors: If you have volunteered, the supervisors can speak to your skills and commitment.
  • Use Character References Sparingly: If necessary, you can include character references, but prioritize professional or academic contacts whenever possible.
  • Explain the Situation: If you are a recent graduate or have limited professional experience, briefly explain this in your cover letter or at the interview.

References and the Interview Process: How They Fit In

References play a critical role in the interview process.

Stages of Reference Checks:

  • Initial Screening: Some companies might initially reach out to your references during the initial screening process.
  • After the Interview: More commonly, references are contacted after the interview, when the employer is seriously considering you for the role.
  • Offer Stage: Reference checks are often a final step before extending a job offer.

What Employers Ask:

  • Confirmation of Employment: Employers will typically verify your employment history.
  • Skills and Abilities: They’ll inquire about your skills and abilities relevant to the job.
  • Work Ethic and Performance: References will be asked about your work ethic, performance, and overall contributions.
  • Personality and Fit: Employers often seek insights into your personality, teamwork skills, and whether you would be a good fit for the company culture.

Adapting Your Approach: How to Tailor References for Different Jobs

Your reference list shouldn’t be a one-size-fits-all document. Adapt your approach depending on the specific role and company.

Tailoring Your Reference List:

  • Review the Job Description: Identify the key skills and qualifications the employer is seeking.
  • Select Relevant References: Choose references who can speak to those specific skills and qualifications.
  • Brief Your References Accordingly: Provide your references with the job description and information about the specific skills the employer is looking for.
  • Consider the Company Culture: If you know something about the company culture, tailor your reference list to reflect those values.

Alternative Approaches to References: Letters of Recommendation and Testimonials

While references are the standard, other options can enhance your application.

Letters of Recommendation:

  • Prepare a Portfolio: If possible, collect letters of recommendation from previous employers, professors, or mentors.
  • Include in a Portfolio (Not on the Resume): These letters can be included in a portfolio or presented to the employer upon request.

Testimonials or Endorsements:

  • LinkedIn Recommendations: Leverage LinkedIn to gather recommendations from colleagues and supervisors.
  • Highlight on Your Resume: You can briefly mention LinkedIn recommendations on your resume (e.g., “Highly recommended by [Number] colleagues on LinkedIn”).

In conclusion, while directly including references on your resume is becoming less common, a well-prepared approach to references remains vital for a successful job search. By creating a separate reference list, selecting the right individuals, obtaining their permission, and preparing them with the necessary information, you can significantly increase your chances of landing your dream job. Remember to adapt your approach based on the specific role and company. Following these guidelines will help you navigate this important aspect of the job application process and present yourself as a strong and prepared candidate. Focus on providing a professional, well-organized, and tailored reference list, and you’ll be well on your way to making a positive impression on potential employers.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long should a reference list be?

A reference list typically includes three to five references. The number of references can vary depending on the industry and the requirements of the specific job.

Should I include personal references?

While personal references can be included in some cases, it’s generally best to prioritize professional or academic references, as they can provide a more relevant perspective on your skills and work ethic.

What if I don’t have the contact information for a former supervisor?

If you’ve lost contact information, try searching for them on LinkedIn or reaching out to former colleagues who might have their contact details. If you can’t find them, explain the situation to the hiring manager and provide alternative references.

Can I use references from a previous job if I’m applying for a different type of role?

Yes, you can use references from previous jobs if they can speak to transferable skills that are relevant to the new role. It’s crucial to brief your references on the skills and experience the employer is seeking.

How long should I wait before following up with my references after they’ve been contacted?

It’s generally a good idea to follow up with your references a week or two after the interview to thank them for their time and ask if they have heard from the employer. This shows your gratitude and helps keep the lines of communication open.