How To Write References For Your Resume: A Comprehensive Guide
Landing a new job often hinges on a well-crafted resume. But what about the often-overlooked section: references? While some job applications now bypass references entirely, many employers still value them. This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about crafting and presenting references for your resume, ensuring you make a positive impression and increase your chances of securing that all-important interview.
The Importance of References in the Job Application Process
The inclusion of references on your resume, or the provision of them when requested, can be a critical factor in the hiring process. They offer potential employers a way to verify your work history, assess your skills and abilities, and gain insights into your personality and work ethic. References provide third-party validation, which can be incredibly persuasive. They offer an objective perspective that complements the information presented in your resume and cover letter. Ignoring this step could be a missed opportunity.
Gathering and Preparing Your Reference List
Before you even think about including references on your resume, you need to build your list. Choose your references carefully. Aim for individuals who can speak to your professional capabilities and character.
Selecting the Right References: Who to Include
The ideal references are former supervisors, managers, or colleagues who can attest to your skills, work ethic, and contributions in previous roles. If you are a recent graduate or have limited work experience, consider professors, academic advisors, or project supervisors. The best references are those who know your work intimately.
Contacting Your References and Seeking Permission
Never, ever, include someone as a reference without their express permission. Reach out to your potential references and explain the job you are applying for and the skills you want them to highlight. This gives them context and allows them to prepare thoughtful, relevant responses. Provide them with your resume so they have a clear understanding of your career trajectory.
The Essential Information to Include in Your Reference List
Once you have secured permission, compile the necessary information. This typically includes:
- Full Name: Always use the full and formal name.
- Job Title: Their current job title.
- Company Name: The name of the company they work for.
- Relationship to You: How they know you (e.g., “Former Supervisor,” “Project Manager”).
- Contact Information: Their professional email address and, optionally, a professional phone number. Avoid including personal details.
Formatting Your References for Your Resume: Different Approaches
There are a few ways to handle references on your resume, and the best approach depends on the specific job application.
Option 1: “References Available Upon Request”
This is a common and generally accepted approach. It allows you to keep your resume concise and focuses on showcasing your skills and experience. Simply include the phrase “References available upon request” at the bottom of your resume. This signals to the hiring manager that you have references readily available. This is often preferred.
Option 2: Including a Separate “References” Section
In some cases, you might choose to include a separate “References” section at the end of your resume. This is less common, and it can take up valuable space. Use this approach only if the job application specifically requests it or if you want to proactively provide references to demonstrate your confidence. Ensure you format the section professionally, with clear headings and contact information.
Option 3: Providing References in Your Cover Letter
This is a less common method, and generally, you should avoid including references in your cover letter. Cover letters are meant to highlight your qualifications and express your interest in the position. References belong on your resume or, as mentioned, provided when requested.
Tailoring Your References to the Specific Job
Just like your resume and cover letter, your references should be tailored to the specific job you are applying for. Consider the following:
Aligning References with the Job Description
Before you submit your application, carefully review the job description. Identify the key skills and qualifications the employer is seeking. Choose references who can speak directly to those requirements. Your references should reinforce the narrative you’ve established in your resume and cover letter.
Briefing Your References: Giving Them the Right Information
Before an interview, provide your references with the job description and your resume. This allows them to prepare and speak knowledgeably about your qualifications. Offer them context about the specific role and the company culture. The more information you provide, the better prepared they will be to offer a positive and relevant assessment of your abilities.
Avoiding Common Mistakes When Handling References
Several common pitfalls can undermine your efforts. Avoiding these mistakes can significantly improve your chances of success.
Neglecting to Ask Permission
As mentioned previously, this is a crucial step. Never include someone as a reference without their explicit permission. Doing so is unprofessional and could damage your reputation.
Providing Outdated or Inaccurate Information
Always ensure your references’ contact information is up-to-date. Reach out to your references periodically to confirm their current job title, company name, and contact details. Incorrect information reflects poorly on your attention to detail.
Using Relatives or Personal Friends
While friends and family can offer character references, they are generally not considered professional references. Employers are more interested in hearing from individuals who can attest to your work-related skills and experience. Stick to professional references whenever possible.
Not Preparing Your References
Don’t expect your references to remember everything about your work history. Provide them with the necessary information, including the job description and your resume, so they can speak knowledgeably and confidently about your qualifications.
Preparing for the Reference Check: What to Expect
Once you have submitted your application, be prepared for the reference check.
Understanding the Interviewer’s Perspective
Hiring managers want to gain a deeper understanding of your skills, experience, and personality. They will likely ask questions related to your work ethic, your ability to work in a team, and your specific accomplishments. Anticipate these types of questions and prepare your references accordingly.
Preparing Your References for the Interview
Brief your references on the specific job, the company, and the skills the employer is looking for. Reiterate the key points from your resume and cover letter. This will help them provide a cohesive and consistent message.
Post-Reference Check: Expressing Gratitude
Once the reference check is complete, it’s a good practice to express your gratitude to your references.
Sending a Thank-You Note
A simple thank-you note, either via email or a handwritten card, is a thoughtful gesture. Thank them for their time and support. Update them on the status of your job search if you feel comfortable doing so. This reinforces your professional relationships and shows your appreciation for their help.
Keeping Your References Updated
Maintain contact with your references, even after you have secured a new job. Keep them updated on your career progress and let them know if your contact information changes. This helps strengthen your professional network.
FAQs: Beyond the Basics
Here are some frequently asked questions that go beyond the basic information.
What should I do if a former employer is hesitant to provide a reference?
If a previous employer is unwilling or unable to provide a reference, it is important to have alternative references. You can use colleagues, project managers, or professors who can attest to your skills and abilities. Explain the situation to the potential employer, and offer alternative references to avoid a negative impression.
How many references should I include?
Typically, you should be prepared to provide three to five references. This is usually sufficient for most job applications. Always adhere to the instructions provided in the job posting; if they request a specific number, respect the guidelines.
Can I use a reference from a company I no longer work for?
Absolutely. Your references can come from any previous employers or professional contacts who can speak to your abilities. It’s perfectly acceptable to list references from former companies, as long as you have their permission.
How should I deal with a reference who is difficult to contact?
If you have a reference who is unresponsive, it’s time to assess if they are a good fit. Try contacting them through multiple channels (email, phone). If they are consistently unavailable, it may be best to choose an alternative reference who is more accessible.
What if I don’t have any professional references?
If you are a recent graduate or have limited work experience, focus on academic references, project supervisors, or volunteer coordinators. These individuals can speak to your skills, work ethic, and character.