How To Write An MLA Paper: A Comprehensive Guide for Students
Writing an MLA (Modern Language Association) paper can seem daunting at first, but with a clear understanding of the guidelines and a structured approach, you can produce a well-researched and properly formatted academic paper. This guide will walk you through every step of the process, from understanding the basics of MLA style to crafting a compelling argument and citing your sources correctly. Let’s dive in!
1. Understanding the Fundamentals of MLA Format
Before putting pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard), it’s crucial to grasp the core principles of MLA style. The MLA style is primarily used in the humanities, particularly in literature, language, and cultural studies. It emphasizes clarity, conciseness, and consistency in your writing. This means adhering to specific formatting rules for things like margins, font, spacing, and, of course, citations.
The current edition of the MLA Handbook is the ninth edition. Make sure you have access to the most up-to-date information. Understanding these basics will ensure your paper looks professional and meets the expectations of your instructor.
2. Pre-Writing: Planning Your MLA Paper
The foundation of a strong MLA paper is careful planning. This stage involves choosing a topic (if you have a choice), conducting research, and developing a thesis statement.
2.1 Choosing a Topic and Conducting Research
If you have the freedom to choose your topic, select something that genuinely interests you. This will make the research and writing process more enjoyable. Once you have a topic, begin your research. Use credible sources such as academic journals, books, and reputable websites. Take detailed notes and keep track of all the sources you consult; this will be essential for your Works Cited page later on.
2.2 Developing a Strong Thesis Statement
Your thesis statement is the backbone of your essay. It’s a concise statement that presents your main argument or point. It should be arguable, specific, and focused. Avoid vague or overly broad statements. For example, instead of “Shakespeare was a great writer,” try “Shakespeare’s use of soliloquies in Hamlet effectively reveals the protagonist’s internal conflict and contributes to the play’s thematic exploration of revenge.”
3. Formatting Your MLA Paper: The Basics
MLA style has specific formatting requirements that are crucial for presenting your work professionally.
3.1 Setting Up Your Paper: Margins, Font, and Spacing
- Margins: Use 1-inch margins on all sides of the paper.
- Font: Use a readable font, such as Times New Roman, size 12.
- Spacing: Double-space the entire paper, including the text, quotations, notes, and Works Cited page.
3.2 The Header and Page Numbering
In the upper right-hand corner of your paper, you’ll need a header that includes your last name and the page number. For example, “Smith 1.” The header should appear on every page.
3.3 The Heading and Title
In the upper left-hand corner of the first page, include the following information, double-spaced:
- Your Name
- Your Instructor’s Name
- The Course Name
- The Date
Center your title below this heading. It should be concise and accurately reflect your paper’s topic.
4. Writing Your Paper: Structure and Style
Now it’s time to start writing! Your paper should have a clear structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.
4.1 Crafting a Compelling Introduction
Your introduction should grab the reader’s attention, provide background information on your topic, and clearly state your thesis statement. Avoid simply restating the assignment. Instead, aim to pique the reader’s interest and set the stage for your argument.
4.2 Developing Effective Body Paragraphs
Each body paragraph should focus on a single supporting point for your thesis. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea. Provide evidence from your sources to support your claims, and analyze the evidence to explain its significance. Use transitions to smoothly connect your paragraphs and ideas.
4.3 Writing a Strong Conclusion
Your conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a new and insightful way. Avoid introducing new information in the conclusion. Leave the reader with a final thought or a call to action related to your topic.
5. In-Text Citations: Giving Credit Where Credit Is Due
MLA style uses parenthetical citations to indicate the source of your information. This is a crucial aspect of avoiding plagiarism.
5.1 Basic Parenthetical Citations
In-text citations typically include the author’s last name and the page number where the information is found. For example: (Smith 45). If you mention the author’s name in the sentence, you only need to include the page number: “Smith argues that…” (45).
5.2 Citing Different Types of Sources
The way you cite a source depends on its type. For example, citing a book differs from citing a website or a journal article. The MLA Handbook provides detailed guidelines for citing various source types. Always be accurate and consistent in your citations.
6. Creating Your Works Cited Page
The Works Cited page is a list of all the sources you cited in your paper. It appears at the end of your paper.
6.1 Formatting Your Works Cited Page
- The title “Works Cited” should be centered at the top of the page.
- List your sources alphabetically by the author’s last name.
- Use hanging indents (the second and subsequent lines of each entry are indented).
- Double-space the entire page.
6.2 Formatting Individual Entries
Each entry in your Works Cited page should follow a specific format based on the source type. The MLA Handbook provides detailed examples for books, journal articles, websites, and other sources. Pay close attention to punctuation, capitalization, and italics.
7. Avoiding Plagiarism: The Cornerstone of Academic Integrity
Plagiarism is a serious offense. Always cite your sources properly to avoid it.
7.1 Understanding Different Forms of Plagiarism
Plagiarism can take many forms, including directly copying text without quotation marks, paraphrasing someone else’s ideas without citing the source, and submitting someone else’s work as your own. Always give credit where credit is due.
7.2 Using Quotations and Paraphrasing Effectively
Use direct quotations sparingly, only when the author’s words are particularly important or effective. When paraphrasing, express the author’s ideas in your own words and still provide a citation. Always cite any information or ideas that are not your own.
8. Revision and Editing: Polishing Your Paper
Once you’ve finished writing, it’s time to revise and edit your paper.
8.1 Reviewing Your Argument and Structure
Make sure your thesis is clear and focused, and that your body paragraphs support your argument. Check for logical flow and coherence. Are your ideas presented in a clear and organized manner?
8.2 Proofreading for Grammar, Spelling, and Punctuation
Carefully proofread your paper for any errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Use a grammar checker, but don’t rely on it entirely. Read your paper aloud to catch any awkward phrasing or errors.
9. Resources and Tools to Help You Succeed
Several resources can assist you in writing your MLA paper.
9.1 The MLA Handbook and Online Resources
The MLA Handbook is the definitive guide to MLA style. In addition, many online resources, such as the Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab), provide helpful information and examples.
9.2 Seeking Feedback and Getting Help
Ask a friend, classmate, or writing center consultant to read your paper and provide feedback. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. Getting a fresh perspective can help you identify areas for improvement.
10. Mastering the Art of MLA: Practice and Patience
Writing an MLA paper is a skill that improves with practice. Don’t be discouraged if it feels challenging at first. By understanding the guidelines, planning carefully, and practicing consistently, you can master the art of MLA and produce high-quality academic work.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the purpose of using MLA style?
MLA style provides a standardized format for academic writing, ensuring consistency and clarity in the presentation of research and ideas, particularly within the humanities. It allows readers to easily follow your argument and verify your sources.
How do I cite a source that doesn’t have an author?
If a source doesn’t have an author, you typically start the in-text citation with the title of the work (or a shortened version of the title) in quotation marks if it’s a shorter work (like an article) or in italics if it’s a longer work (like a book).
What if I’m unsure about a specific citation rule?
Always consult the MLA Handbook or a reliable online resource, such as the Purdue OWL, for the most accurate and up-to-date information. These resources provide detailed examples and guidance for various citation scenarios.
Can I use contractions in my MLA paper?
Generally, MLA style favors formal language. While contractions are not strictly prohibited, it is best to avoid them in formal academic writing to maintain a more professional tone.
How can I make my MLA paper stand out?
Focus on developing a strong, original argument, supported by insightful analysis of your evidence. Choose a topic that genuinely interests you, and strive for clarity and precision in your writing. Careful attention to detail in formatting and citation will also contribute to a polished final product.
Conclusion
Writing an MLA paper involves several key steps, from understanding the basic formatting guidelines to crafting a compelling argument and accurately citing your sources. By carefully planning your research, developing a strong thesis, structuring your paper logically, and adhering to MLA style conventions, you can produce a well-written and academically sound paper. Remember to prioritize academic integrity by avoiding plagiarism and always citing your sources correctly. With practice and attention to detail, you can master the art of MLA and excel in your academic endeavors.